Column | A Place of Liberation from Stigma: The Het Dolhuys Museum (Museum of the Mind)

A Place of Liberation from Stigma: The Het Dolhuys Museum (Museum of the Mind)

The Dolhuys Museum (Het Dolhuys) is one of the two museums, known as the “Museum of the Mind,” located in Amsterdam and Haarlem. It focuses on exhibitions related to mental health and the mind, as well as collecting exceptional Outsider Art works. The exhibitions not only introduce contemporary artists but also showcase various expressions by individuals commonly referred to as outsider artists . Additionally, the museum features exhibits on the history of psychiatric care and conducts awareness activities to promote understanding of diverse minds.

The Dolhuys building was originally constructed in 1320 as a quarantine facility for leprosy and plague patients, and later served as an asylum for people with mental disabilities. Over time, mental hospitals were closed down, and in the 2000s, after undergoing renovation, it was reopened as a museum.

The walls that once excluded people from society have been dismantled, and the space has become a place of relaxation for the local community. Currently, over 100 volunteers are involved in the operation, with nearly half of them being individuals with various mental health problems. Through unique practices, the museum aims to transform society by empowering individuals with mental health problems to express themselves and by approaching the common theme of the “mind” in human beings, creating opportunities for everyone to realize their inherent value. They undertake initiatives to contemplate society from various perspectives.

The establishment of the museum was initiated by five medical organizations collaborating to preserve the historic building, continue the narrative of psychiatric healthcare history, and safeguard valuable materials left in psychiatric hospitals. With the aim of creating a museum open to the community, the café serves as an open space accessible to everyone, bridging the outside and inside of the museum.

This café is a renovation of the old chapel that originally stood there. It is said that in the past, priests used this place to allocate patients for isolation. At the heart of the café, there is an art brut piece inspired by the design of stained glass windows, symbolizing the transformation of a place once associated with stigma, discrimination, and prejudice into a symbolic space of liberation from stigma.

On the day of the visit, we were guided by Ms. Jolien Posthumus, the Mental Health Program Manager at the Museum of the Mind, who shared with us its history and main initiatives.

The exhibition, held in six rooms, aimed to provoke thoughts on what the mind is through six questions and foster dialogue through artworks. In contemporary art, works by artists such as Tracy Emin and Mark Quinn, as well as Yayoi Kusama, are also displayed in the Museum of the Mind’s collection.

In the new permanent exhibition, “Sister Love” by the filmmaker and photographer Jantien de Bruin (born 1971) was featured. This installation, composed of highly personal letters, photographs, and videos, delves into themes of loss, memory, and connection. Various creations revolving around the memory of her beloved sister, who passed away in 2015, served as a way for her to cope with profound sadness. The artwork explores her own emotions of reminiscences of life and death, losing a loved one to suicide, and the relationship between sisters. Through intimate and poignant imagery, it resonates with the viewers, appealing to their minds.

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アーティストが行う認知症高齢者とのワークショップやユースとの演劇プログラム

写真作品のペアを同時に眺めることで自然につながりを発見し、想像した物語や浮かんだ言葉をその場で皆に共有する取り組みだ。実際、認知症の方々が自身の記憶や自由な想像から物語を繋ぎ、写真の組み合わせから思いもよらない驚くべきエピソードが多数出てきたのだとポスティムス氏は言う。日常とは違うこうした体験が思考回路を活性化し、ポジティヴな刺激がもたらされたのかもしれない。

高齢者施設でのワークショップでも使用された作品は、手のひらで摩擦すると香りが出る仕掛けのある写真パネルが採用されている。視覚的要素に加え、嗅覚に訴えかける「香り」がどのような刺激や変化を生むかのアプローチの一つかもしれないが、認知症の人々にとっては刺激が強すぎて混乱する方が続出し、難しい点があったという課題点も伺った。

認知症はその種類もさまざまで、人によって認知機能にも複雑な違いがあるため、香りや音がもたらす記憶の断片と、視覚的な印象からの記憶の交差による脳への影響は、一人ひとり異なる反応が興味深いが、特性や状況によっては要素が増えることで混乱を招くことも理解できる。こうした取り組みの記録ではうまくいかないことや試行錯誤の過程も含めて共有することで、色々な角度から多様な対象者とのアート・プログラムを検証していく必要性を感じた。

In the courtyard of the Dolhuys Museum

Within the premises of the Museum of the Mind, there is a courtyard where youth activities and theatrical performances take place. It is said that herbs were once cultivated in this garden for therapeutic purposes. The courtyard features sculptures inspired by mythical creatures from stories conceived by artists reflecting on such history, along with bottles infused with herbs. Additionally, the garden is adorned with unique features such as audio installations, adding to its distinctive ambiance.

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Maintaining freedom and dignity

One particularly striking exhibit features a gown meticulously embroidered by a solitary woman, right down to the lining of the fabric. Encased in a display cabinet, this gown, adorned with intricate stitching, once worn by psychiatric patients, contrasts sharply with the clinical white coats of physicians, symbolizing the juxtaposition of blue and white. While the exterior appears the same to other patients’ gowns, the interior is delicately embellished with a variety of motifs such as animals and flowers, rendered in colorful embroidery and beads, resembling a paradise. Despite the strict controls and limitations of the time, one can imagine acts of resistance, escapism, or clandestine pleasures woven into every stitch, reflecting the wearer’s resistance to losing one’s own freedom and autonomy, as well as a means of escape from suffering. Reflecting on this anonymous woman, one cannot help but contemplate the moments spent imagining her story.

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Other initiatives at the Museum of the Mind include:

Suicide Prevention Program (WORD UP)

An art program targeting youth aged 15 to 22. Artists visit schools and youth are invited to the museum. Over three weeks, they engage in workshops and creative activities, providing a “safe space” for discussing the difficulties everyone faces (with the intention of suicide prevention). The methods and episodes are published on the website, creating a system that other organizations and individuals can reference. Currently, many public schools have adopted this program, and there are also programs available for teachers.

Write Your Own Use’s Manual

A program for children to discover their own emotions. Based on questioning sheets created by the Museum of the Mind, children can record detailed information about themselves, allowing them to explore their “mind” and “feelings” while creating their own original manual. Reading foundations review the handling manuals created by children and select books featuring protagonists that symbolize each child. In the future, there are plans to collaborate with libraries to publicly release a system where these records can be viewed alongside the book selections.

障害のある当事者の働く場所として

ミュージアム・オブ・マインドは、福祉施設と連携し、自分の好きなことや関心に応じて、無理なく働くことができる受け入れ体制を取っている（就労の賃金は国から支払われる）。また、カフェの仕事内容からさらに細かく業務を分担し、その人ができる部分のみを担当してもらうなど、参加しやすい仕組みづくりを取り入れている。

ドルハウス美術館｜Het Dolhuys（ミュージアム・オブ・マインド）

訪問日　2023年7月26日　
所在地　Schotersingel 2　2021 GE Haarlem（ハールレム、オランダ）
ヒアリング：ヨレイン・ポステュムス（ミュージアム・オブ・マインド）

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Outsider Art Museum (Museum of the Mind)

One of the two museums of the Museum of the Mind, the “Outsider Art Museum,” is located on the same premises as the “H’ART Museum” (formerly the Hermitage Amsterdam). The proximity of these two museums makes it a convenient and accessible location for visitors. This museum focuses on exhibitions and the collection and presentation of outstanding works centered on the mind.

The exhibition space is curated to seamlessly integrate contemporary art with works by artists with disabilities. The framing and captions feature playful and creative designs tailored to each artist’s work. The focus is on the power of the artistic expression itself, rather than emphasizing the artists’ disabilities.

 

During the visit, the exhibition featured works by contemporary artists and Art Brut artists from both the Netherlands and abroad. Among the collections were sculptures by Shinichi Sawada and the piece “Oriha” by Yoshihiro Watanabe, showcasing the works of Japanese artists.

The museum emphasizes collaboration with diverse audiences, engaging youths from multiple cultural backgrounds, LGBTQ individuals, immigrants, and people with disabilities through various themes and frameworks. They actively create spaces for art appreciation workshops and dialogues. Collaborations are frequent, including partnerships with care organizations, NGOs, and galleries, resulting in initiatives like the “Inspiration Tours,” where people of different abilities, ages, and backgrounds come together to enjoy art appreciation, dialogue, and creation.

AIT will continue learning from the initiatives of the two museums under the Museum of the Mind, examining the role of art in addressing various challenges and difficulties, and how art can be useful in liberating people from stigma.

アウトサイダーアート美術館（ミュージアム・オブ・マインド）

訪問日　2023年7月27日
所在地　Outsider Art Museum / H’ART Museum　
Amstel 51　1018 DR Amsterdam（アムステルダム、オランダ）

テキスト・写真：藤井 理花